ارزیابی میزان آمادگی منابع انسانی برای تحقق نظام یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری رشتۀ سیاستگذاری علم و فنّاوری، گروه مدیریت فنّاوری اطلاعات، دانشکدۀ مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی فنّاوری اطلاعات، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
توسعه فنّاوری اطلاعات ظرفیت‌های جدیدی را برای حوزه آموزش عالی فراهم آورده است، یکی از این ظرفیت‌ها «یادگیری الکترونیکی» است به طوری‌که پیاده‌سازی نظام‌های یادگیری الکترونیکی به یکی از مهمترین روندهای سرمایه‌گذاری کشورهای مختلف تبدیل شده است. پیادهسازی موفق این نظام‌ها زمانی تحقق خواهد یافت که آمادگی لازم در دانشگاه از نظر ابعاد مختلف انسانی، زیرساختی و محتوایی فراهم گردد. در این مقاله آمادگی منابع انسانی دانشگاه‌ها شامل یاددهندگان (استادان) و یادگیرندگان (دانشجویان) به عنوان یکی از مهمترین ارکان آمادگی یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاه‌های کشور مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به همین دلیل، با بهره‌گیری از مطالعات اسنادی و نظر خبرگان، معیارها و سنجه‌های ارزیابی آمادگی منابع انسانی تعیین و وزن هر یک از معیارها محاسبه شده است و سپس بر اساس مدل حاصل میزان آمادگی منابع انسانی در 8 دانشگاه جامع کشور بررسی شده است. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد که در بیش از 25 درصد معیارهای مربوط به آمادگی دانشجویان و حدود 40 درصد از معیارهای مربوط به آمادگی استادان، امتیاز حاصل کمتر از حد متوسط بدست آمده است در عین حال میانگین آمادگی هر دو گروه در حد متوسط ارزیابی شده است. علاوه براین یافته‌های پژوهش عدم توازن میزان آمادگی در معیارهای مختلف را تأیید می‌کند، به همین دلیل ضرورت توجه جدی مدیران دانشگاه‌ها در برنامه‌ریزی برای افزایش آگاهی از مزایای نظام‌های یادگیری الکترونیکی، ایجاد سازوکارهای توانمندسازی مهارتی و ارتقای سطح دسترسی یادگیرندگان و یاددهندگان به امکانات شبکه‌ای مهم‌ترین برنامه‌های نظام دانشگاهی در افزایش میزان آمادگی منابع انسانی برای تحقق یادگیری الکترونیکی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Assessing E-learning Readiness of Human Resources in Iranian Universities

نویسندگان English

Mahdieh Farazkish 1
GholamAli Montazer 2
1 .PostDoc. Researcher of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PostDoc. Researcher of Science and Technology Policy, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Development of information technology has provided new capacities for higher educationand one of these capacities is "e-learning".As a result, the implementation of electronic learning systems (ELS) has become one of the most important investment trends in different countries.The successful implementation of these systems will be achieved when the readiness of the university is provided in terms of human, infrastructural and content dimensions.From the human perspective, establishing an effective interaction between instructor and learner has been identified as the key factor in the success of ELS.

This paper aims to assess the readiness of faculty members and students for using ELSs in academic environments; so, we first formulated various appropriate readiness assessment measures of e-learning readiness. Then we gathered readiness data from 8 Iranian comprehensive universities, through a survey. According to the average score and importance grade of each measure, we calculated the readiness level of faculty members and students in the selected universities for each measure.

The results indicated that the score of over 25% of the students’readiness measures and about 40% of the faculty members’ readiness measures were "less than medium", and both total average scores were "medium". These results confirm that the policy-makers and deans of universities should be aware of the ELSs benefits, the human resources' empowerment mechanisms, and the level of access of instructors and learners to the network facilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

human resources
E-Learning Readiness Assessment
Learners
Instructors
Iranian Universities
[1]سعیدی، احمد؛ آمار آموزش عالی ایران در سال تحصیلی 96-1395. تهران: مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، 1397.
[2] Nelson, B.C. "Exploring the Use of Individualized, Reflective Guidance in an Educational MultiUser Virtual Environment", Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 2007, 83-97.
[3] Petter, S., W. DeLone, and E. R. McLean. "Information systems success: The quest for the independent variables", Journal of Management Information Systems, 29(4), 2013, 7-62.
[4] Liaw, Shu-Sheng, Hsiu-Mei Huang, and Gwo-Dong Chen. "Surveying instructor and learner attitudes toward e-learning", Computers & Education, 49 (4), 2007, 1066-1080.
[5] Al-araibi, A. A., M. N. Mahrin, and R. C. Yusoff. "A systematic literature review of technological factors for e-learning readiness in higher education", Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 93 (2), 2016.
[6] Dovalli, S., and G. A. Montazer. "An Information Architecture Framework for Establishing a Virtual University in Iran", Journal of Information processing and Management, 26(2), 2011, 413-440.
[7] Khan, B. H. "The global e-learning framework", STRIDE, 42, 2003.
[8] Bowles, M. "Learning to E-Learn Project: Rediscovering the benefits of e-learning", Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology, 2(1), EJ, 2005.
[9] Borotis, S., and A. Poulymenakou. "E-learning readiness components: Key issues to consider before adopting e-learning interventions", In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, 2004, 1622-1629.
[10] Odunaike, S., O. Olugbara, and S. Ojo. "E-learning implementation critical success factors", Innovation, 3(4), 2013.
[11] Machado, Carlos. "Developing an e‐readiness model for higher education institutions: Results of a focus group study", British journal of educational technology, 38 (1), 2007, 72-82.
[12] Al-Samarraie, H., H. Selim, T. Teo, and F. Zaqout. "Isolation and distinctiveness in the design of e-learning systems influence user preferences", Interactive Learning Environments, 25(4), 2017, 452-466.
[13] McConnell, D. "Technologies for CSCL", Implementing Computer Supported Cooperative Learning, 2000, 27-67.
[14] Rosenberg, M. J. "E-Learning: strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age", McGrow –Hill, 2001.
[15] Engholm, P., and J. McLean. "What determines an organisation's readiness for e-learning", 2001.
[16] Broadbent, B. "Championing e-learning. www. e-learninghub", 2000.
[17] Anderson, T. "Is elearning Right for your organization?", Learning Circuits Update, 2002.
[18] Haney, B. D. "Assessing organizational readiness for E‐learning: 70 questions to ask", Performance improvement, 41(4), 2002, 10-15.
[19] Colle, R. "Draft Project Proposal on the E-readiness of African Universities", Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 2004.
[20] Worknowledge. "E-learning Assessment Readiness", 2004.
[21] Cloete, E. "Electronic education system model", Computers & Education, 36(2), 2001, 171-182.
[22] Kaur, K. and A. Z. Wati. "An assessment of e-learning readiness at Open University Malaysia", 2004, 1017-1022.
[23] Kapp, K. M. "E-learning readiness assessment questions", Question taken from winning e-learning proposals. The Art of Development and Delivery, 2005.
[24] Chapnick, S. "Are you ready for E-Learning?", Learning Circuits Update, 2000.
[25] Aydin, C. H., and D. Tasci. "Measuring readiness for e-learning: reflections from an emerging country", Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 8(4), 2005.
[26] Psycharis, S. "Presumptions and actions affecting an e-learning adoption by the educational system-Implementation using virtual private networks", European Journal of Open, Distance and E-learning, 8(2), 2005.
[27] Lopez, C. "Evaluating E-Learning Readiness In A Health Sciences Higher Education", 2007.
[28] Akaslan, D., and E. LC Law. "Measuring teachers' readiness for e-learning in higher education institutions associated with the subject of electricity in Turkey", In Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2011 IEEE, 481-490.
[29] Keramati, A., M. Afshari-Mofrad and A. Kamrani. "The role of readiness factors in E-learning outcomes: An empirical study", Computers & Education, 57(3), 2011, 1919-1929.
[30] Darab, B., and G. A. Montazer. "An eclectic model for assessing e-learning readiness in the Iranian universities", Computers & Education, 56(3), 2011, 900-910.
[31] Omoda, G., and J. T. Lubega. "E-learning readiness assessment model: a case study of higher institutions of learning in Uganda", In International Conference on Hybrid Learning, 200-211. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.
[32] Divjak, B., N. Begičević, A. Spahić, D. Grabar, Ž. Šmaguc, P. Peharda, and B. Žugec. "E-readiness report for e-learning implementation in Kosovo–EU IT Pilot Project int he Field of Education", 2011.
[33] Saekow, A., and D. Samson. "E-learning Readiness of Thailand's UniversitiesComparing to the USA's Cases", International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 1(2), 2011, 126.
[34] Alshaher, A. A. F. "The McKinsey 7S model framework for e-learning system readiness assessment", International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 6(5), 2013, 1948.
[35] Oketch, H., J. Njihia, and A. Wausi. "E-learning Readiness Assessment Model in Kenyas’ Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study Of University Of Nairobi", International Journal of Scientific Knowledge, 5(6), 2014.
[36] Mosa, A. A., M. N. Mahrin, and R. Ibrrahim. "Technological aspects of e-learning readiness in higher education: A review of the literature", Computer and Information Science, 9(1), 2016, 113.
[37] Yusif, S., Hafeez-Baig, A., and J. Soar. "E-Health readiness assessment factors and measuring tools: A systematic review", International journal of medical informatics, 107, 2017, 56-64.
[38] Cochran, W. G. "Sampling techniques", John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[39] Qamar, M. K. "Global trends in agricultural extension: Challenges facing Asia and the Pacific region", 2002.