دسته‌بندی ریسک‌های بین‌المللی مؤثر بر انتخاب روش ورود به بازارهای خارجی مورد مطالعه: صنعت خودرو ایران

نویسندگان
1 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه مازندران
2 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
3 کارشناس استراتژی و برنامه‌ریزی شرکت ایران‌خودرو
چکیده
هدف اصلی از انجام این تحقیق، طبقه‌بندی ریسک‌های بین‌المللی پیش روی شرکت‌های خودروساز ایرانی فعال در بازارهای بین‌المللی و بررسی رابطه این ریسک‌ها و انتخاب شیوه ورود به کشورهای گوناگون به‌ وسیله این شرکت‌ها بود. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را شرکت‌های تولیدکننده فعال در صنعت خودرو که طی 5 سال اخیر(1385-1390) در بازارهای خارجی وارد شده‌اند، تشکیل می‌داد. واحد تحلیل داده‌ها زوج «شرکت ـ پروژه» انتخاب گردید و برای طبقه‌بندی ریسک‌ها از آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی استفاده شد. به این ترتیب ریسک‌های بین‌المللی در قالب چهار نوع ریسک خاص کشور میزبان و ریسک خاص صنعت، ریسک خاص شرکت و ریسک خاص کشور مبدأ طبقه‌بندی گردید. هم‌چنین رابطه میان ریسک‌های بین‌المللی و انتخاب شیوه ورود با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن بررسی شد که نتیجه آن تأیید رابطه ریسک خاص کشور میزبان و ریسک خاص صنعت با انتخاب شیوه ورود بود؛ به عبارت بهتر با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده و با افزایش ریسک‌های مزبور، انتخاب شیوه ورود به سمت صادرات رفته و با کاهش آنها، شیوه ورود به سمت همکاری مشترک و سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی سوق پیدا می‌کند. از طرف دیگر مشخص شد که رابطه میان انتخاب شیوه ورود و ریسک خاص صنعت و ریسک خاص کشور مبدأ معنادار نمی‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Categorising of influenced international risks on the entry mode choice to foreign markets (Case study: Iran automotive industry)

چکیده English

The main goal of this study is the classification of international risks facing Iranian automotive companies activated in international markets. Also, the examination of the relationship among these risks and the selection of entry mode to various countries by these companies is another goal of this research. The research population of this study is the factories in automotive industry which has entered foreign markets in recent 5 years (1385-1390). Analysis even data surface is elected "Company-Project" and exploratory factor analysis test is used for the classification of risks. In this manner, international risks are classified in the four categories of risks; specific-host country risk, specific-industry risk, specific-company risk, and specific-home country risk. Also, the relationship between international risks and the selection of entry mode is examined by Spearman correlation test and its results are the confirmation of relation specific-host country risk and specific-industry risk with the selection of the entry mode. In other words, according to findings, with increase in the mentioned risks, the export entry mode has been considered and with decreasing of the risks, the entry mode has inclined to the J.V. and foreign direct investment. On the other hand, it has been identified that the relationship between the entry mode, specific-industry risk, and specific-home country risk is not meaningful.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

International risk
Entry mode
Vehicle industry
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